{"users":[{"id":2,"username":"santhosh","name":"santhosh","avatar_template":"/user_avatar/ask.instrumentationtools.com/santhosh/{size}/3558_2.png","moderator":true,"trust_level":3},{"id":18,"username":"vignesh","name":"vignesh","avatar_template":"/user_avatar/ask.instrumentationtools.com/vignesh/{size}/3557_2.png","moderator":true,"trust_level":2},{"id":1162,"username":"mehta2155","name":"Sandeep Mehta","avatar_template":"/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/m/b782af/{size}.png","moderator":true,"trust_level":3}],"primary_groups":[],"flair_groups":[],"topic_list":{"can_create_topic":false,"more_topics_url":"/c/field-instrumentation/biomedical-instrumentation/46?page=1","per_page":30,"top_tags":[],"topics":[{"fancy_title":"Biomedical Instrumentation Lab Viva Questions","id":8383,"title":"Biomedical Instrumentation Lab Viva Questions","slug":"biomedical-instrumentation-lab-viva-questions","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2019-07-18T07:26:18.111Z","last_posted_at":"2019-07-18T07:26:18.265Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2019-07-18T07:26:18.265Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Biomedical Instrumentation Lab Viva Questions. Do you know any other questions which are not covered in below list ? Share with us. \nBiomedical Instrumentation\n\n\nDiscuss in detail about action potential and resting poten…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1954,"like_count":1,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"santhosh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":1,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":2,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers","id":5382,"title":"Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers","slug":"biomedical-instrumentation-questions-and-answers","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T16:01:52.270Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T16:01:52.422Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-11-26T05:23:13.554Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers \nQuestion 1. Define Absolute Refractory Period (ARP)? \nAnswer : \nDuring the initial portion of the action potential, the membrane cannot respond to any stimulus, no matter…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1092,"like_count":1,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":1,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Sphygmomanometer Principle","id":5357,"title":"Sphygmomanometer Principle","slug":"sphygmomanometer-principle","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/1/1546c375bb06a30fc611e98c03a54e8ab635d195.png","created_at":"2018-07-03T04:13:55.285Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-03T04:13:55.432Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-16T03:50:12.011Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"The word sphygmomanometer formed from to words sphygmo+manometer. The roots involved are as follows:Greek"pulse", plus the scientific term manometer, i.e. “pressure meter”, itself coined from manos “thin, sparse”, and …","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":16659,"like_count":8,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":8,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Electrical Activity Of Excitable cell","id":5422,"title":"Electrical Activity Of Excitable cell","slug":"electrical-activity-of-excitable-cell","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/b/bd4e795a4145f303a12654c6ded4045fe01e555b.png","created_at":"2018-07-04T16:54:39.731Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T16:54:39.863Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-10T12:37:26.290Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Bio-potentials are produced by certain class of cell as result of electrochemical activity of excitable cells.\nElectrically they exhibit resting potential, when stimulated they produce an action potential.\n\nThe Resting …","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2307,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is repolarization?","id":5532,"title":"What is repolarization?","slug":"what-is-repolarization","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-10T05:18:56.655Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-10T05:18:56.762Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-10T05:18:56.762Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"An area of interest that was previously depolarized and it is polarized again then we can say repolarization has occurred.","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1155,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is hyper polarization?","id":5531,"title":"What is hyper polarization?","slug":"what-is-hyper-polarization","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-10T05:17:02.726Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-10T05:17:02.790Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-10T05:17:02.790Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"If the potential​ overshoots above polarizing value then we can say hyperpolarization has occurred.","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1442,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is depolarization?","id":5530,"title":"What is depolarization?","slug":"what-is-depolarization","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-10T05:15:35.077Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-10T05:15:35.196Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-10T05:15:35.196Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Inverse of polarization is depolarization.","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1292,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is polarization?","id":5529,"title":"What is polarization?","slug":"what-is-polarization","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-10T05:13:45.032Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-10T05:13:45.131Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-10T05:13:45.131Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Polarization is orientation of flux resulting from step change in current through electrodes.","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2118,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Electrode 10-20 system","id":5486,"title":"Electrode 10-20 system","slug":"electrode-10-20-system","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/optimized/2X/a/a2750e000780ffc7e37cbb198c337e2a5391deb7_2_1024x542.png","created_at":"2018-07-05T03:37:17.083Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-05T03:37:17.155Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-06T19:54:58.812Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"[2-217] \n\nEEG electrode transforms ionic current into electrical current using pre-amplifiers.\nSilver - Silver chloride are commonly used in electrode disc.\nReusable scalp disc or cup electrode are placed on head using c…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":5672,"like_count":4,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":4,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Electromyogram","id":5498,"title":"Electromyogram","slug":"electromyogram","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-06T03:14:49.074Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-06T03:14:49.195Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-06T03:14:49.195Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"It is possible to record the action of skeletal muscle in the body using either strain gage sensors monitoring the displacements and forces produced by the muscle or biopotential electrodes sensing electrical activation.…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1016,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Biomedical Instruments","id":5497,"title":"Biomedical Instruments","slug":"biomedical-instruments","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/2/22bc3a06f33fe703002ff5902bee5917324c769c.png","created_at":"2018-07-06T03:11:46.679Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-06T03:11:46.756Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-06T03:13:11.927Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"“Biomedical instruments” refer to a very broad class of devices and systems. A biomedical instrument is an ECG machine to many people. To others, it’s a chemical biosensor, and to some it’s a medical imaging system. Curr…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1300,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Types of Biomedical Instrumentation Systems","id":5496,"title":"Types of Biomedical Instrumentation Systems","slug":"types-of-biomedical-instrumentation-systems","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-06T03:08:37.073Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-06T03:08:37.152Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-06T03:08:37.152Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Types of Biomedical Instrumentation Systems \n• Direct I Indirect \n• Invasive I Noninvasive \n• Contact I Remote \n• Sense I Actuate \n• Dynamic I Static \nDirect/Indirect: The sensing system measure a physiologic parameter d…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1006,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Different types of Surface electrodes?","id":5419,"title":"Different types of Surface electrodes?","slug":"different-types-of-surface-electrodes","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T16:53:20.648Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-05T03:50:20.361Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-05T03:50:20.361Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Metal Plate electrodes\nSuction cup electrodes\nAdhesive tape electrodes\nMulti point electrodes\nFloating electrodes","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":4412,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Types of External Electrodes","id":5390,"title":"Types of External Electrodes","slug":"types-of-external-electrodes","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/4/45837871884eb3298decdc72bfd0ef19fd02d1e8.jpg","created_at":"2018-07-04T16:23:23.954Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T16:23:24.069Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-05T03:47:02.183Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Metal Plate electrodes: \n\n\nIt is simplest form, metallic conductor in contact with skin. \n\n\nAn electrolyte soaked pad or gel is used to establish & maintain contact. \n\n\nThe electrode is made up of German silver(Nickel-si…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":3564,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Different types of internal electrodes","id":5421,"title":"Different types of internal electrodes","slug":"different-types-of-internal-electrodes","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T16:54:32.794Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-05T03:45:36.644Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-05T03:45:36.644Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Wire loop electrode\nSilver sphere cortical electrode and Multi element depth electrode","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2728,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is the principle of Plethysmograph?","id":5427,"title":"What is the principle of Plethysmograph?","slug":"what-is-the-principle-of-plethysmograph","posts_count":4,"reply_count":1,"highest_post_number":4,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T16:56:56.515Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T18:06:54.798Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:14:41.524Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Principle of operation of plethysmograph depends on Boyle‟s law. Boyle‟s law states that at a given Kelvin temperature the pressure of given mass of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume. \n(P* Vol = K* temp).","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1365,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":1,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":null,"description":"Original Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null},{"extras":"latest","description":"Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Measuring Respiration","id":5483,"title":"Measuring Respiration","slug":"measuring-respiration","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T18:10:21.679Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T18:10:21.863Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:10:21.863Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Two parameters of interest: \n Breathing rate \n Depth (or amplitude) of breathing \nTwo types of methods: \n Air flow measurement (pressure sensor / thermistor) \n Measurement of change in volume of the lung (Plethysmogr…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":698,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Define evoked potential?","id":5393,"title":"Define evoked potential?","slug":"define-evoked-potential","posts_count":2,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":2,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T16:24:55.914Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T18:08:48.960Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:08:48.960Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Evoked potentials are the potentials developed in the brain as the responses to external stimuli like light, sound etc. The external stimuli are detected by the sense organs which causes changes in the electrical activit…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":744,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"ECG Electrode placement","id":5478,"title":"ECG Electrode placement","slug":"ecg-electrode-placement","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/5/510b769ff8612abf091f8440af7c001dc67dacff.png","created_at":"2018-07-04T17:52:48.075Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:52:48.208Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:08:09.733Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"ECG Electrode placement \n [ECG%20Electrode%20placement]","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1309,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Averaging Heart Rate meter","id":5482,"title":"Averaging Heart Rate meter","slug":"averaging-heart-rate-meter","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/6/6a7d573e2fb99c803eca04da8723f79f330ebee4.jpg","created_at":"2018-07-04T18:04:34.837Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T18:04:34.969Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:04:34.969Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"The “average power” of the pulse train from the pulse generator circuit will be indicative of the Heart Rate. \nThis can be determined using a “leaky integrator” (a form of low-pass filter). \nThe time-constant of the R-C …","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1002,"like_count":1,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":1,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"R-Wave pulse generator","id":5481,"title":"R-Wave pulse generator","slug":"r-wave-pulse-generator","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/7/7bd141775d5af19194ea7fc0d283979d2a9b82f0.png","created_at":"2018-07-04T18:03:09.902Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T18:03:10.004Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:03:10.004Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"This should trigger a pulse generator so that a short pulse of a fixed duration is generated once (and only once) for each QRS complex. \n[R-Wave%20pulse%20generator]","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":786,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"QRS detection","id":5480,"title":"QRS detection","slug":"qrs-detection","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/c/c8c5133de4c9a2041fd387cb1c4ed1e3d865a4a7.jpg","created_at":"2018-07-04T18:01:01.788Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T18:01:01.958Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T18:01:01.958Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"There are 4 main problems in detecting the QRS complex in ECG traces: \nArtefacts due to electrode motion \n[Artefacts%20due%20to%20electrode%20motion] \nThere are 4 main problems in detecting the QRS complex in ECG traces: …","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1634,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Types of heart rate meters","id":5479,"title":"Types of heart rate meters","slug":"types-of-heart-rate-meters","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T17:56:26.189Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:56:26.353Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:56:26.353Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Two types of heart rate meters: \n\nAveraging heart rate meter\nBeat-to-beat heart rate meter\n\n\n\nHeart rate is usually given in beats per minute (BPM). \n\n\nThe easiest way to obtain this is to count an identifying feature in…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":727,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Typical ECG signal","id":5477,"title":"Typical ECG signal","slug":"typical-ecg-signal","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/b/bd92bd34f6efbd7d0c66758e7e635ed47adcf72d.png","created_at":"2018-07-04T17:49:33.793Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:49:33.907Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:51:05.732Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"ECG signal \n[Typical%20ECG%20signal] \nP-wave: a small low-voltage deflection caused by the depolarisation of the atria prior to atrial contraction. \nQRS complex: the largest-amplitude portion of the ECG, caused by curren…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1701,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"Types of internal Electrodes","id":5402,"title":"Types of internal Electrodes","slug":"types-of-internal-electrodes","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":"https://ask.instrumentationtools.com/uploads/db4532/original/2X/8/82c350716a9b98d61743df12a1e5980b130c9d81.jpg","created_at":"2018-07-04T16:31:01.909Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T16:31:02.081Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:43:24.997Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"(a) Insulated needle electrodes \n[Subdermal_-verdrillt-2_ml] \n(b) Coaxial needle electrodes \n[Naalddetail] \n( c)Bipolar coaxial eletrodes: \n[3526537_rdax_80] \n(d)Fine- wire electrode: \n[Chap4aFig3a-300x225] \n\nThere are p…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":5560,"like_count":5,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"mehta2155","category_id":46,"op_like_count":5,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":1162,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What are cerebellar stimulators?","id":5476,"title":"What are cerebellar stimulators?","slug":"what-are-cerebellar-stimulators","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T17:28:52.004Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:28:52.121Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:28:52.121Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"In case of epilepsy, chronic stimulation to the cerebellum is provoked by transcutaneous inductive coupling, through an antenna fixed subcutaneously on the chest. The electrodes are placed on anterior or posterior lobe o…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":937,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is the principle of ultrasonic diathermy?","id":5475,"title":"What is the principle of ultrasonic diathermy?","slug":"what-is-the-principle-of-ultrasonic-diathermy","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T17:28:20.149Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:28:20.273Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:28:20.273Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"In this method, the heating effect is produced because of the ultrasonic energy absorption property of the tissues. The amount of energy absorbed by the tissues is depending upon the frequency of ultrasonic waves from a …","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":2199,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is microwave diathermy?","id":5474,"title":"What is microwave diathermy?","slug":"what-is-microwave-diathermy","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T17:27:48.907Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:27:49.025Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:27:49.025Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Microwave diathermy involves the process of irradiating tissues of the patient‟s body with very short wireless waves having frequency in the microwave region. Typically, the frequency used is 2450 MHz corresponding to a …","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1038,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is the different electro surgery techniques used in diathermy unit?","id":5473,"title":"What is the different electro surgery techniques used in diathermy unit?","slug":"what-is-the-different-electro-surgery-techniques-used-in-diathermy-unit","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T17:27:16.184Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:27:16.380Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:27:16.380Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"Fulguration - The term „fulguration‟ refers to a superficial tissue discoloration without affecting deep-seated tissues. \nDesiccation - The needle point electrodes are struck into the tissue and kept steady while passing…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":1076,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]},{"fancy_title":"What is condenser method of shortwave diathermy?","id":5472,"title":"What is condenser method of shortwave diathermy?","slug":"what-is-condenser-method-of-shortwave-diathermy","posts_count":1,"reply_count":0,"highest_post_number":1,"image_url":null,"created_at":"2018-07-04T17:26:21.966Z","last_posted_at":"2018-07-04T17:26:22.085Z","bumped":true,"bumped_at":"2018-07-04T17:26:22.085Z","archetype":"regular","unseen":false,"pinned":false,"unpinned":null,"excerpt":"In the „Condenser method‟, the output of the diathermy machine is connected to metal electrodes called PADS. They are placed on the body so that the portion of the body sandwiched between them acts as dielectric of the c…","visible":true,"closed":false,"archived":false,"bookmarked":null,"liked":null,"tags":[],"tags_descriptions":{},"views":713,"like_count":0,"has_summary":false,"last_poster_username":"vignesh","category_id":46,"op_like_count":0,"pinned_globally":false,"featured_link":null,"is_hot":false,"has_accepted_answer":false,"can_vote":false,"posters":[{"extras":"latest single","description":"Original Poster, Most Recent Poster","user_id":18,"primary_group_id":null,"flair_group_id":null}]}]}}